Apparatus for the manufacture op paper-pulp



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J. B. PALSER AND G. HOIVLAND, 0F FORT EDWARD, NEW YORK.

APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER-PULP.

Speccaton formingl part of Letters Patent No. 24,484, dated June 21, 18.59;

Reissued July 3, 1860,

Nos. 996 and 99'?r To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that we, JOSEPH BEUvE PAL- sER and GARDNER I-IowLAND, of Fort Edward, in the county of lNTashington, in the State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Manufacture of Paper-Pulp from Straw and other Fibrous Materials; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full and eXact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part of this specification, in which- Figure l is a side view. Fig. 2 an end view. Fig.` 3 longitudinal section. transverse section.

Our apparatus consists of a reverberatory furnace upon which stand, side by side, two rotary boilers, each inclosed in a separate envelop, the whole being crowned with two iron vats, one over each boiler.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use our invention we will proceed to describe its construction and operation.

In the accompanying drawings, A, A, is the reverberatory furnace; B, the firebridge; C, the fireplaces; D,'D', and E, E', the fire-doors; F, F', ash or draft openings; G, G, and G', G', doors to the reverberatory furnace; and I-I', H', are two passages which may be closed by the sliding valves I, I'.

J, J', are two rotary boilers; K, K', two iron vats above the boilers.

L, L, and L', L', are bricks which inclose the boilers and support the vats K, K'.

M, M, M', M', are spaces between the envelops and the boilers, forming a flue.

N, N, are chimneys leading from spaces M, M, M', M', into the open through the vats.

O, O, P, and O', O', P', are doors giving access to the spaces M, M, M', M'. The sills of these doors are a few inches higher than the fioor of the spaces M, M, M', M', and these floors are raised at Q, Q', to prevent liquids running into the oven or reverberatory furnace below. The doors G, G, G', G', are higher than the licor of the furnace A, A, for the same reason. Partof the bottoms of the vats K, K', are made cy lindrical, to encircle the boilers, and form the upper part of the boiler envelop.

the air,

R, R, R', Re', are holes (closed with plugs) through which the liquid is dropped from the vats over the rotary boilers.

Inside the walls which' separate the two Fig. 4,

boilers are a longitudinal passage s, s, and a pipe T, for warming air and water, re-

spectively. Air is forced by a blowingen- I gine through pipe U, and passage s, s; at the other end of this passage, the air goes through a pipe V, and branch pipes W, W, W', W', and escapes through a number of small holes into the liquid contained in the vats, for the purpose of accelerating its evaporation. The pipe T leads from a reservoir of water or other liquid, placed on a higher level than both rotary boilers, and it permits such liquids to be warmed when needful in their passage through this' pipe. The pipe T, T', is divided into two branch pipes a, and a', each of which turns into one of the boilers through smiling-boxes in the journals and is provided with a faucet o, c. The pipe T, T", and branches a, a', are used to lill the boilers with waterV or other liquids.

At the other end of the boilers, pipes b, b', enter therein through journals a, n. These pipes are divided lengthwise into two pipes o, fu', and a, a', by partitions, shown in Fig. 2. The pipes o, o', are intended for steam, and are united together by a pipe d, d', provided with faucets f, f'. On the pipe d, d', is a branch pipe e, on which a safety valve and a steam gage may be placed. The pipes al, el', and e, e', are united with the upper portions or steam chambers of the boilers by pipes L, t'.

The pipes a, a', are used to empty the boilers from liquids; these pipes extend to the lowest parts of the boilers' by pipes' s, s', and the liquids which are forced out through them may be' sent into the vats K, K', through pipes la, 7c', or may be discharged into the gutter through pipes z',

The pipesv la', and s, s', are separated from the stock in the boiler byv perforated partitions pf, p, p', p', and thus they cannot be broken or even bent by the pressure of the revolving stock, nor can they be closed by solid matters accidently forced into them. The partition p, p', serves also as a strainer, to retain the stock in its own apartment and yet permit the drawing-off of all the liquid matter at any desired time during the operation hereinafter to be described.

The described arrangement of 'pipes may be varied in several ways substantially the same.

The rotary boilers J, J are supported as usual in bearings m m and a n. One endf m, m', of each of the rotary boilers and a large portion 4of their `surfaces are enveloped by the furnace; the other end n, 11,', projects out sufliciently to leave room for manholes f', r; and as a consequence, the journals at this end are supported on a frame g, g', separated from the furnace. The other end works in boxes built in the wall of the furnace. itself.

The straw is first cut into suitable lengths, subjected to a winnowing process to cleanse itfrom dirt, &c., and then crushed between a pair of iron rollers. It is now ready to be acted upon by boiling.

One of the boilers J, having been emptied of its contents during the time the other J was boiling (and this boiling under high Ypressure being just Completed), things are ready for another operation, which is conducted .as follows:

lst. The boiler J, is filled with straw or other substance to be boiled, through the manhole r, which is theny closed. Y

2nd. The pipe T, is connected with the reservoir of liquid, and by opening `the faucet o, the necessary quantity flows into the Vboiler J, and the faucet is then closed.

3rd. The valve I is closed, and valve T is open; and thus lire-heat is transferred from boiler J to boiler J.

4th. The faucets f, f, are open, and steam rushes from boiler J, to boiler J, until the .temperature and pressure are equal in both;

the faucets are then closed. This operation is very important, as the means of raising the temperature in the boiler J, in a much' shorter time than can be done by fire-heat alone. It also assists in cooling theboiler of is thereby effected.

5th. The faucet Z, is opened, and the steam remaining in the boiler J forces up the exhausted liquor into the vatv placed above the boiler; after which the faucet is closed.

` 6th. The plugs are dra-wn out of the holes R', R', and the liquid preyiously raised to the vat is discharged, in suitable quantities ata time, upon the top of the boiler that is immediately below. The exterior of this boiler becomes instantly enveloped by the descending liquor, parts of which, by contact with the upper, surface of the boiler, are scattered and dash against the surrounding walls, and thus coats them also. The result both of these4 effects being producedY is that a rapid and extensive evaporation of `the liquid takes place, being brought about bythe dashing of the liquid upon the boiler and surrounded heated walls, as aforesaid. It is requisite that the heated surfaces of these partsv should be cooled as rapidly as possible, in order that a new charge of material may be placed within the boiler. The

descending liquor thickens by the evaporation, and falls into the basin g, where it is collected and soon becomes more viscous. This method of cooling the boiler and also evaporating the liquid refuse presents an important advantage in the economy of time and fuel.

7th. The kpipe T is adjusted to the reservoir of water, to wash the materials in the boiler J which are` finally emptied through the manhole. j

8th. After boiling has been going on for the requisite time in the boiler J, the liquid from the preceding operation, vin g, g, has become viscuous and are pushed over Q, into A, A,where the inflammable mattersl take fire, and the boiling proceeds with the heat produced byy them; the fire in the rate C,

being kept as louT as possible; in act, the

only reason for keeping it up at all is to avoid the trouble of rekindling it for beginning the next operation. In such operations as the boiling of rags, Sac., there is no residuum to burn; the oven or furnace would then be reduced to a flue, and the vats K, 'K, suppressed, except the strength of the liquor used was so sufficient that, by recovering its alkali, the expense of evaporating it would be repaid.

In the `manufacture of pulp from straw and other fibrous materials, we employ 60 gallons of caustic alkali, of a strength indicating from 812g@ to 32 Baume, to every 100 pounds of the cut straw. The alkaline mixture and straw having been placed in the steam boiler and the manhole in the latter closed, fire is applied below and a pressure of 110 lbs. to 130 lbs. is raised. This pressure is maintained for four hours; the boiler being constantly but slowly rotated, and the stock within the boiler being thus kept in gentle agitation.

Having thus described our invention, we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters-Patent l. Having the pipe 79,-which passes through the hollowV journal of the boiler,- divided by a partition, so that the steam may find exit through one compartment of the pipe, and the contents of the boiler through the other compartment, as set forth.

2. The employment of the perforated diaphragm Vp,- p, when arranged substantially asdescribed, to protect the pipes 72 it', s, si', and strain the liquids from the stock, as and for the purposes herein set forth.

The arrangement ofthe boilers J J With the surrounding envelop substantially as herein shown and described, so that the resultant liquids of the boiling may be evaporated and also employed to cool` down the boilers and surrounding envelop, as set forth.

4. The arrangement of the basin g, g, belou7 the boiler, to receive the falling liquid,

and for the purposes described.

5. 7e do not claim, broadly, the transferring of steam from one steam boiler to another; but We claim the injection of the steam arising from the boiling of the alkaline and other contents of boiler J into the boiler J, and vice versa, substantially as and for the purposes herein shown and described.

6. Ve claim the arrangement of the warming chamber S, between the two boilers, and the combination therewith of the 20 pipes T, V, YV, WV as and for the purposes described.

7. We claim the arrangement and combination of the boilers J, J furnace A, and

doors D, D, E, E, F, F', so as to apply 25 the furnace heat to either or bot-h boilers, at pleasure, substantially as herein shown and described.

8. 7e claim the combination of the cylindrical-bottomed vats K, K', having the 30 

